Research Paradigm | Ontology Epistemology Approach Methodology | Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Ontology

(Belief)

Epistemology

(How knowledge is acquired)

Research Paradigm

Research Approach

(How theories are developed and tested)

Methodology

(Process of data collection and analysis)

Realism (Objective Reality) →→→→→→→

 

Positivism (Knowledge is gained through measurement and observation) →→→→

Positivist→→→→

Deductive (Testing Hypothesis) →→→→

Quantitative (Surveys, Experiments)

Relativism (Subjective Reality) →→→→→→→

Constructivism (Knowledge is constructed through experiences) →→→

Interpretivist/Constructivist→→→→

Inductive (Building Theory) →→→→→

Qualitative (Interviews, Case Studies)

Combination of both Objective and Subjective→→→→→→

Knowledge is Practical→→→→→→

Pragmatism→→

Abductive (Flexible, Iterative) →→→→

Mixed-Methods

 


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