Theoretical Framework vs Conceptual Framework || Literature Review || Research


The Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework are closely related but distinctly different. They serve different functions.

 

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

Definition

The Theoretical Framework consists of a set of existing concepts, definitions, and propositions that form a structured perspective on a specific research area.

The Conceptual Framework is a visual representation of the expected relationships and connections between various constructs or variables in your research study.

Basis

It is a collection of existing theories, models, and frameworks relevant to the study.

It is based on the Theoretical Framework and illustrates the causal relationships between variables in your own thesis or dissertation.

Where

In the Literature Review, the Theoretical Framework should be presented first.

 

Then, the Conceptual Framework is often used to develop research questions, hypotheses, and the research model.

Example Theoretical Framework on Motivation

This study is based on established motivation theories, particularly Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory (SDT).

  1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943) states that individuals are motivated by five levels of needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. Employees strive to satisfy lower-level needs before pursuing higher-level needs.
  2. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory (1959) differentiates between hygiene factors (e.g., salary, work conditions) and motivators (e.g., recognition, achievement), emphasizing that only motivators lead to long-term job satisfaction.
  3. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) (Deci & Ryan, 1985) highlights the role of intrinsic motivation (internal satisfaction) and extrinsic motivation (external rewards) in influencing behavior.

Example Conceptual Framework on Motivation


Figure: Example of Conceptual  Framework


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