Luminary Learner

Selecting Appropriate Test in Quantitative Analysis A. Tests for Comparing Means (Differences) Independent Samples T-Test •          Purpose: Compares the means of two independent groups . •          Data: Continuous outcome, 2 groups.   (If normality assumption met). Paired T-Test •          Purpose: Compares the means of two related groups ( before and after ). •          Data: Continuous outcome, same group measured twice.   (If data Is normally distributed). ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) •          Purpose: Compares means across three or more groups. •          Data: Continuous outcome, multiple groups. ( Normal data) •          One-Way ANOVA: Compares one independen...

1. Theoretical Gap : A gap in existing theories or models that fail to explain certain phenomena .   o     Example : A theory about consumer behaviour may not account for cultural differences in decision-making.   2. Empirical Gap : A lack of experimental or observational data to support or refute a hypothesis.   o     Example : Limited studies on the long-term effects of a new drug on a specific population.     3. Methodological Gap : A gap in the methods or techniques used to study a problem, leading to incomplete or biased results. o     Example : Over-reliance on qualitative methods when quantitative data could provide more robust insights.   4. Contextual Gap :   A gap arising when research findings from one context are not tested or validated in another context .   o     Example : Studies on educational strategies in developed countries may not ap...

The Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework are closely related but distinctly different. They serve different functions.   Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Definition The Theoretical Framework consists of a set of existing concepts, definitions, and propositions that form a structured perspective on a specific research area. The Conceptual Framework is a visual representation of the expected relationships and connections between various constructs or variables in your research study. Basis It is a collection of existing theories, models, and frameworks relevant to the study. It is based on the Theoretical Framework and illustrates the causal relationships between variables in your own thesis or dissertation. Where In the Literature Review , the Theoretical Framework should be presented first .   Then, the Conceptual...

  In Jupyter Notebook, a kernel is the computational engine that executes the code you write in the notebook's cells. Each notebook is connected to a specific kernel, which determines the programming language you can use.  For example , the most common kernel is the IPython kernel , which runs Python code, but there are kernels available for many other languages , such as R, Julia, and JavaScript. Key Functions of a Kernel: Execution : It runs the code in each cell and returns the output. State Management : It maintains the state of variables, functions, and imports, allowing you to run cells out of order while preserving the environment. Communication : It communicates with the notebook's user interface to display output, error messages, and visualizations. Interactivity : It supports interactive computing, allowing you to visualize data using libraries like Matplotlib and Plotly. Common Kernel Actions: Restart : Clears all variables and resets the environment, effectively ...

  To ensure critical analysis in the literature review of a research paper , consider the following strategies: 1. Evaluate the Sources Critically Assess the credibility of each source by examining the author's expertise, the publication's reputation, and the research methodology used. Compare and contrast findings from different previous studies, highlighting agreements, contradictions, and gaps . Analyze the arguments presented, assessing their logic, assumptions, and evidence. 2. Identify Gaps and Inconsistencies Look for areas where research is lacking or where findings are inconsistent . Highlight conflicting result s or debates in the field, offering possible explanations for these differences. 3. Synthesize Information Integrate findings from multiple studies rather than summarizing them individually. Create a thematic synthesi s that groups studies based on themes, concepts, or methodologies. 4. Question Methodologies and Conclusions Evaluate the research desig...